Sonia M. Rompoti, MSc, Bsc

Over the centuries, domesticated animals have evolved from primarily functional roles in hunting or defense into becoming members of our families. In modern societies, it’s not uncommon to find households with one or more pets. The bond between humans and animals is profound and meaningful, and these relationships often transcend species boundaries. While the joy and fulfillment pets bring are undeniable, it’s intriguing to delve into the psychological underpinnings of why we feel the need to have pets.

1. Attachment Theory and Secure Bases

A strong bond often forms between people and their pets, akin to the relationship between parents and children. This bond can be explained through the lens of attachment theory. British psychiatrist John Bowlby developed this theory, which suggests that a child needs a secure relationship with adult caregivers for emotional development.

Interestingly, this theory also applies to the relationship between humans and their pets. Pets provide a form of “secure base” for their owners, offering unconditional love and acceptance. This sense of security can significantly reduce stress and anxiety, leading to improved mental health.

2. Fulfilling the Need for Companionship

As social creatures, we have an inherent need to belong and form social connections. For some, pets fill this need for companionship and provide a sense of belonging. They offer a listening ear during tough times and rejoice with us during moments of happiness. This companionship helps mitigate feelings of loneliness, which have been linked to various mental health issues like depression and anxiety.

3. Boosting Self-esteem and Confidence

Pets offer non-judgmental companionship, which can help to boost self-esteem and confidence. They love and accept us for who we are, flaws and all. Studies have shown that pet owners, particularly those with strong bonds to their pets, tend to have higher self-esteem compared to non-pet owners. Pets provide a sense of purpose and responsibility, which can further boost confidence and self-worth.

4. Encouraging Exercise and Outdoor Activities

Dogs, in particular, encourage their owners to lead more active lifestyles. Regular walks or play sessions with a dog can increase physical activity levels, which have significant benefits for both physical and mental health. Regular exercise has been linked to lower levels of stress, depression, and anxiety.

5. The Biochemistry of Bonding

Interacting with pets can trigger the release of oxytocin, often referred to as the “bonding hormone” or “cuddle chemical.” Oxytocin enhances feelings of trust, relaxation, and psychological stability. This hormone plays a crucial role in bonding and social interactions, and its release during interactions with pets strengthens the human-animal bond, creating a sense of tranquility and happiness.

6. Emotional Regulation

Pets can help us regulate our emotions, offering a source of comfort and solace during difficult times. They provide a sense of routine and stability, which can be particularly beneficial in times of personal upheaval or stress. Interacting with pets can provide a healthy outlet for emotional expression, and they often respond to their owner’s emotional states with understanding and empathy.

7. Experiencing Caregiving Satisfaction

Pets depend on us for their well-being, which can foster a strong sense of purpose and satisfaction from caregiving. For some, nurturing a pet can fulfill the inherent human desire to care for others, providing a rewarding experience that can boost mood and overall mental health.

While pet ownership isn’t for everyone and it certainly comes with its challenges, there’s no denying the profound psychological benefits that can come from sharing our lives with these non-human companions. The unconditional love, unwavering companionship, and the shared moments of joy that pets offer enrich our lives, providing a sense of purpose, comfort, and emotional wellbeing. And, perhaps, it is this bidirectional, mutually beneficial relationship that drives our deep-seated need and desire to share our lives with pets.